The French Revolution Of France - 1871 Words

XVI, a monarch who ruled as king of France from 1774 until 1793, was a widely known ruler. â€Å"Louis XVI was the last king of France in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789† (Louis). â€Å"In 1774, Louis succeeded his grandfather Louis XV as king of France† (BBC). â€Å"In 1788, Louis was forced to reinstate France s National Assembly (the Estates-General) which quickly curtailed the king s powers† (Execution). Louis attempted escape in 1791 but was captured and returned to Paris† (Execution). Louis XVI was guilty of treason on January 21st, 1973. Louis XVI committed treason and deserved to be guillotined because he had contributed and French Revolution and tried to escape his country during France’s crisis. Another ruler who shared characteristics of Louis XVI was Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein, the fifth president of Iraq, was a cold-blooded dictator. â€Å"Saddam Hussein was the ruthless dictator of Iraq from 197 9 until 2003† (Saddam Hussein). Saddam Hussein had deserved the death penalty before he was captured and executed by the Americans. Saddam Hussein, when captured, was trialed for hundreds of crimes. Saddam Hussein deserved to go to jail and the outcome of his trial was correct. He was guilty and sentenced to death in 2006. In the year 1774, France was hoping to attain a responsible and loyal king. France in the past years had dealt with kings who had poor leadership. When Louis XVI attained throne in 1774, France was in deeper trouble. Louis XVIShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution Of France1365 Words   |  6 PagesModern historians frequently write that the French Revolution was designed to destroy the Old Regime of France. Though the French Revolution did destroy this regime, its leaders’ ultimate goal was to obliterate the Catholic Church in France and the faithful within it. Before the beginning of the revolution, France had the most widespread culture in the entire world. From its fine arts, stylishness, clothing, and language, everything that was popular in France was also prevalent all over the world. HoweverRead MoreThe French Revolution Of France2100 Words   |  9 PagesFor the Jews of France and their fellow colleagues, the French revolution came to establish the myth of origin or also known as their birthdate of existence. On the date September 27, 1791, which was two years after the storming of Bastille and the Declaration of the rights of man, the French National Assembly voted to admit the Jews of Alsace-Lorraine France to citizenship1. The French Revolution was a period of time where Jews were fighting for civic equality and having to overcome many obstaclesRead MoreThe French Revolution Of France1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was a point in history where the French had a revolution against their monarch government. King Louis XVI was the French king that was overthrown. The French were in extreme debt, almost bankrupt, and the citizens of France did not appreciate the ways Louis XVI handled their situation. They responded with a revolution. There were many important causes, leaders, and events before and after the French Revolution. Before the Revolution King Louis XV was the second to last monarchRead MoreFrance Of The French Revolution Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesFrance is still recovering from several ISIS attacks that stroke those last few years. Thousands of non-Muslims French citizens are currently protesting in the street of the France’s capital, Paris. â€Å"France is scaring its own people† and it is becoming a huge political issue. According to Marine Le Pen, the president of the National Front, 44 percent of the immigrant in France and Corsica are unemployed and take advantage of France. The issue is becoming more and more important and the economic woundRead MoreThe Revolution Of France During The French Revolution1316 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom Paris. Today I will try to summarize what it was like to live in France during the French Revolution. The year was 1786, and I was 9 years old. At the time, I hadn’t known what was going on, only that we were getting less to eat day by day, and at one point, unable to afford money for my toys. When I grew up, I learned that our country had been nearing bankruptcy, because allying with the Americans during their revolution had been costly, and also because of drought, disease, and inflation.Read MoreSocial Structure Of France During The French Revolution Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was a time of period where social and political was a disruption in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799. This time of period affected Social Structure of France prior to the French Revolution. The factors that caused this revolution was due to having a bad government system, weak superiority, and inequality of the classes of people in France during the war. In this research, I will define and explain how Soc ial Structure contributed to the French Revolution ResentmentRead MoreFrance - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution)1156 Words   |  5 Pagesthe essay question was: Describe change and continuity in France from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s.*Like many other European nations in the 1700 s, France experienced a dramatic shift of sentiments against the monarchy, nobility, and Catholic Church as the people, fired by rousing new Enlightenment ideals, began to question authority and emphasize the need for equality, liberty, and democracy. The social and political changes in France were best characterized by three different periods - the weakRead MoreHow Did The French Revolution Change Frances Form Of Government?1716 Words   |  7 PagesJacob Palomo The French revolution How Did The French Revolution Change Frances Form Of Government? The French. revolution was huge turning point in history of the country France it marked a change from the feudal system France used prior and the over throwing of a monarch during this time Frances economy, government, and rule changed in the way the people decided to change it to. The French revolution first starting in modern European history at 1789 and ending a year later in 1790, it was aRead MoreWays in Which the French Revolution had a Lasting Impact on France853 Words   |  4 Pages‘Libertà ©, à ©galità ©, fraternità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢: the motto that France uses to this day and first came about as a result of the French Revolution. This in itself shows that the revolution had a major impact on France. It played a significant role in changing France through, for example, the new definition of nationalism, the abolition of the monarchy and the abolition of feudalism. Whether these changes succeeded in modernising France or resulted in something that was not any better than pre-revolutionary times isRead MoreThe French Revolution of 1789- 1799 was a time of change for many people of France. The Revolution600 Words   |  3 PagesThe French Revolution of 1789- 1799 was a time of change for many people of France. The Revolution led to many changes in France which at the time of the Revolution, was the most powerful state in Europe. The major cause of the French Revolution was the disputes between the different types of social classes in French society. Harsh economic conditions brought high taxes and bad harvests resulted in suffering for the revolutionary women. They broke people down in Three estates: 1st was made up of

Analysis Of The Book The Cat - 1339 Words

A gunshot stirred the sleeping cat, jerking him awake. His unpleasant dream, filled him with horror as he recalled the smell of burning firewood, boiling water, and the cruel laughter. His senses came back to him as he found himself hanging from a log, upside down, his legs tied together. Battered and bruised, the cat tried to remember why he was hanging on a piece of wood. As the cat’s memory came back slowly, he remembered himself fighting men, trying to escape their firm grip. One of the big men lifted his oversized fist and connected it to the cat’s hind legs. The feline shrieked in agony as the pain shot up towards his body, and he fell into an unknown darkness. He frowned as he tried to remember what had happened before the hunters came, but his mind was utterly blank. The cat blinked twice, finally taking in his surroundings. Two men came towards the cat and lifted him over to an open space. The cat looked below him and saw some wood. The men walked away, leaving the cat alone by himself. He closed his eyes; his throbbing legs were becoming numb and he started to feel a sense of dread, as he realized what would happen to him. The feline twitched as a stick prodded his bruised body. An old man stood over the cat, grinning from ear to ear. The cat shuddered at the sight; the man wore rags and looked as if he had never taken a bath in his life. His stench could be smelled from miles away, and it angered the hanging cat. All of a sudden, the ancient man untied theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Cats Cradle 875 Words   |  4 PagesCats Cradle is surfaced around science fiction, religion, and society while keeping a steady sense of humor. The overwhelming theme that I was able to easily relate to, was the biblical connection that was present throughout the novel; specifically, the Book of Ecclesiastes. Along with the sense of humor, the style of writing helped make it easy for any audience to read, understand, and follow. Most importantly it allowed for connections to be easily made. While the book may be encompassed aroundRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Cat Crosses The Couryard 1411 Words   |  6 Pagesnot attack like this. They did not hunt like this. Not without orders. And not without one one the ends of their leashes. Time slowed down and sped up all at once, the world slowing while Aermun accelerated, suspended in the blackness of his soul. Cat Crosses the Couryard. His posture was lax, arrogant almost, sword loosely held in front of him and body straight. He felt Caitrin leap away from him, and his void shook; he knew she would last if she was channeling, but the familiar shhck! of a daggerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Vegan Cat Food 3717 Words   |  15 PagesVegan Cat Food The Ultimate Guide to Your Cats Health The book is written to offer beneficial information on vegan foods for cats. Consequently, the contents of the book are meant for educational purposes and not as a professional advice on the subject discussed. While a lot of research from a wide array of sources has been used to produce this book, the author and the publisher shall not assume liability of any kind with respect to any loss or damaged caused by the use of the content of thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Clairvoyance Killed The Cat 2922 Words   |  12 Pages Clairvoyance Killed The Cat All I remember from the past was the blue sky and bright yellow sun. I had never seen it of course but my grandmother always told me stories. Stories about how everyone lived a carefree existence. About how the world was a bright and beautiful place compared to now. Now was nothing like the past. An evil ruler took over, killed a bunch of people, and now here we all were. A dystopian future where hatred was the only emotion and curiosity got you murdered. The sayingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Cat Of The Hat By Shel Silverstein1931 Words   |  8 Pagesto read the very first books they hold are picture books that are usually accompanied with a rhyming sentence or two below. Seeing a picture and then being able to connect it with words is a fundamental tool that allows for children to understand what they are reading at a young age. Many authors, some famous, have been able to capture the attention of young readers by making the words in their stories rhyme. Dr. Seuss wrote some of the most notable young children’s books that most if not all includeRead MoreShort Essays in The Great Cat Massacre by Darnton638 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Cat Massacre Although the title of this book strikes the reader as unusual it begins to make complete sense once it is read. This book is a series of short essays by Darnton. The second section, which is titled â€Å"Workers Revolt: The great Cat Massacre of the Rue Saint-Sà ©rverin† brings the reader directly into the views of the working class during the 1700s in France. This style of writing allows situations to be viewed through the lens of those who are experiencing it, making for a moreRead MoreAn Analysis of Ernest Hemingways Cat in the Rain922 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of Ernest Hemingways Cat in The Rain In his frictional story, â€Å"Cat in the Rain,† Ernest Hemingway sets the scene for his fiction in a hotel room in Italy on a rainy day. On the first reading of this short story it can be easily interpreted as a wife nagging her husband, who is lying in bed preoccupied reading a book. The young married American’s being in a foreign country on business or pleasure, (Hemingway does not say) one would expect that the expression of love would be moreRead MoreEvaluation Of A Checklist Assessment1538 Words   |  7 Pages2014, p. 31). The interactionist perspective also focuses on a child’s sociocultural interaction. The teacher is reading a book aloud to children. She is engaging in conversation with children as she reads aloud to them. The children communicate back to her by answering questions and she is having them participate in using hand and leg gestures to demonstrate parts of the book she is reading. Social interaction plays a big role in this theory. The te acher is demonstrating that by reading aloud toRead MoreSymbolism And Origin Is The Cheshire Cat702 Words   |  3 Pagescharacter within the story that critics are unsure of his symbolism and origin is the Cheshire Cat. In the story the Cheshire Cat is a mysterious character. He appeared when he choose to and disappeared a moment later. He had an odd sense of a personality, but spoke to Alice using wise words and thoughts. â€Å"It is not 100% clear why Carroll named this character ‘Cheshire Cat’. â€Å"To grin like a Cheshire Cat† was a common phrase in Carroll’s day. Its origin is unknown, but it may have originated from aRead MoreA Report On The Self Study Process899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe self-study report in Blackboard, please share the feedback with your group. The NEASC self-study process was a perfect example of qualitative research. For the report, you conducted interviews, made direct observations, and conducted a document analysis. These s kills will serve you well when you become an administrator. The quality of your school will directly correlate with your ability to qualitatively analyze curriculum, instruction, assessment and school programming, identify areas for improvement

Heat Exchanger Free Essays

string(118) " economic optimization it is suggested that the baffles be spaced no closer than 20% of the shell’s inner diameter\." Heat exchanger An interchangeable plate heat exchanger Tubular heat exchanger. A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact. We will write a custom essay sample on Heat Exchanger or any similar topic only for you Order Now [1] They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Contents| Flow arrangement Countercurrent (A) and parallel (B) flows * Fig. 1: Shell and tube heat exchanger, single pass (1–1 parallel flow) * Fig. 2: Shell and tube heat exchanger, 2-pass tube side (1–2 crossflow) * Fig. : Shell and tube heat exchanger, 2-pass shell side, 2-pass tube side (2-2 countercurrent) There are three primary classifications of heat exchangers according to their flow arrangement. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side. In counter-flow heat exchangers the fluids enter the exchanger from opposite ends. The counter current design is the most efficient, in that it can transfer the most heat from the heat ( transfer) medium due to the fact that the average temperature difference along any unit length is greater. See countercurrent exchange. In a cross-flow heat exchanger, the fluids travel roughly perpendicular to one another through the exchanger. For efficiency, heat exchangers are designed to maximize the surface area of the wall between the two fluids, while minimizing resistance to fluid flow through the exchanger. The exchanger’s performance can also be affected by the addition of fins or corrugations in one or both directions, which increase surface area and may channel fluid flow or induce turbulence. The driving temperature across the heat transfer surface varies with position, but an appropriate mean temperature can be defined. In most simple systems this is the â€Å"log mean temperature difference† (LMTD). Sometimes direct knowledge of the LMTD is not available and the NTU method is used. Types of heat exchangers Shell and tube heat exchanger A Shell and Tube heat exchanger Main article: Shell and tube heat exchanger Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a series of tubes. One set of these tubes contains the fluid that must be either heated or cooled. The second fluid runs over the tubes that are being heated or cooled so that it can either provide the heat or absorb the heat required. A set of tubes is called the tube bundle and can be made up of several types of tubes: plain, longitudinally finned, etc. Shell and tube heat exchangers are typically used for high-pressure applications (with pressures greater than 30 bar and temperatures greater than 260  Ã‚ °C). [2] This is because the shell and tube heat exchangers are robust due to their shape. Several thermal design features must be considered when designing the tubes in the shell and tube heat exchangers: * Tube diameter: Using a small tube diameter makes the heat exchanger both economical and compact. However, it is more likely for the heat exchanger to foul up faster and the small size makes mechanical cleaning of the fouling difficult. To prevail over the fouling and cleaning problems, larger tube diameters can be used. Thus to determine the tube diameter, the available space, cost and the fouling nature of the fluids must be considered. * Tube thickness: The thickness of the wall of the tubes is usually determined to ensure: * There is enough room for corrosion * That flow-induced vibration has resistance * Axial strength * Availability of spare parts Hoop strength (to withstand internal tube pressure) * Buckling strength (to withstand overpressure in the shell) * Tube length: heat exchangers are usually cheaper when they have a smaller shell diameter and a long tube length. Thus, typically there is an aim to make the heat exchanger as long as physically possible whilst not exceeding production capabilities. However, there are many limitations for this, including space availabl e at the installation site and the need to ensure tubes are available in lengths that are twice the required length (so they can be withdrawn and replaced). Also, long, thin tubes are difficult to take out and replace. * Tube pitch: when designing the tubes, it is practical to ensure that the tube pitch (i. e. , the centre-centre distance of adjoining tubes) is not less than 1. 25 times the tubes’ outside diameter. A larger tube pitch leads to a larger overall shell diameter, which leads to a more expensive heat exchanger. * Tube corrugation: this type of tubes, mainly used for the inner tubes, increases the turbulence of the fluids and the effect is very important in the heat transfer giving a better performance. Tube Layout: refers to how tubes are positioned within the shell. There are four main types of tube layout, which are, triangular (30 °), rotated triangular (60 °), square (90 °) and rotated square (45 °). The triangular patterns are employed to give greater heat transfer as they force the fluid to flow in a more turbulent fashion around the piping. Square patterns are employed where high fouling is experienced a nd cleaning is more regular. * Baffle Design: baffles are used in shell and tube heat exchangers to direct fluid across the tube bundle. They run perpendicularly to the shell and hold the bundle, preventing the tubes from sagging over a long length. They can also prevent the tubes from vibrating. The most common type of baffle is the segmental baffle. The semicircular segmental baffles are oriented at 180 degrees to the adjacent baffles forcing the fluid to flow upward and downwards between the tube bundle. Baffle spacing is of large thermodynamic concern when designing shell and tube heat exchangers. Baffles must be spaced with consideration for the conversion of pressure drop and heat transfer. For thermo economic optimization it is suggested that the baffles be spaced no closer than 20% of the shell’s inner diameter. You read "Heat Exchanger" in category "Papers" Having baffles spaced too closely causes a greater pressure drop because of flow redirection. Consequently having the baffles spaced too far apart means that there may be cooler spots in the corners between baffles. It is also important to ensure the baffles are spaced close enough that the tubes do not sag. The other main type of baffle is the disc and donut baffle, which consists of two concentric baffles. An outer, wider baffle looks like a donut, whilst the inner baffle is shaped like a disk. This type of baffle forces the fluid to pass around each side of the disk then through the donut baffle generating a different type of fluid flow. Fixed tube liquid-cooled heat exchangers especially suitable for marine and harsh applications can be assembled with brass shells, copper tubes, brass baffles, and forged brass integral end hubs. [3] (See: Copper in heat exchangers). Conceptual diagram of a plate and frame heat exchanger. A single plate heat exchanger An interchangeable plate heat exchanger applied to the system of a swimming pool Plate heat exchanger Main article: Plate heat exchanger Another type of heat exchanger is the plate heat exchanger. One is composed of multiple, thin, slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer. This stacked-plate arrangement can be more effective, in a given space, than the shell and tube heat exchanger. Advances in gasket and brazing technology have made the plate-type heat exchanger increasingly practical. In HVAC applications, large heat exchangers of this type are called plate-and-frame; when used in open loops, these heat exchangers are normally of the gasket type to allow periodic disassembly, cleaning, and inspection. There are many types of permanently bonded plate heat exchangers, such as dip-brazed, vacuum-brazed, and welded plate varieties, and they are often specified for closed-loop applications such as refrigeration. Plate heat exchangers also differ in the types of plates that are used, and in the configurations of those plates. Some plates may be stamped with â€Å"chevron†, dimpled, or other patterns, where others may have machined fins and/or grooves. Plate and shell heat exchanger A third type of heat exchanger is a plate and shell heat exchanger, which combines plate heat exchanger with shell and tube heat exchanger technologies. The heart of the heat exchanger contains a fully welded circular plate pack made by pressing and cutting round plates and welding them together. Nozzles carry flow in and out of the platepack (the ‘Plate side’ flowpath). The fully welded platepack is assembled into an outer shell that creates a second flowpath ( the ‘Shell side’). Plate and shell technology offers high heat transfer, high pressure, high operating temperature, compact size, low fouling and close approach temperature. In particular, it does completely without gaskets, which provides security against leakage at high pressures and temperatures. Adiabatic wheel heat exchanger A fourth type of heat exchanger uses an intermediate fluid or solid store to hold heat, which is then moved to the other side of the heat exchanger to be released. Two examples of this are adiabatic wheels, which consist of a large wheel with fine threads rotating through the hot and cold fluids, and fluid heat exchangers. Plate fin heat exchanger Main article: Plate fin heat exchanger This type of heat exchanger uses â€Å"sandwiched† passages containing fins to increase the effectiveness of the unit. The designs include crossflow and counterflow coupled with various fin configurations such as straight fins, offset fins and wavy fins. Plate and fin heat exchangers are usually made of aluminium alloys, which provide high heat transfer efficiency. The material enables the system to operate at a lower temperature and reduce the weight of the equipment. Plate and fin heat exchangers are mostly used for low temperature services such as natural gas, helium and oxygen liquefaction plants, air separation plants and transport industries such as motor and aircraft engines. Advantages of plate and fin heat exchangers: High heat transfer efficiency especially in gas treatment * Larger heat transfer area * Approximately 5 times lighter in weight than that of shell and tube heat exchanger. * Able to withstand high pressure Disadvantages of plate and fin heat exchangers: * Might cause clogging as the pathways are very narrow * Difficult to clean the pathways * Aluminum alloys are susceptible to Mercury Liquid Embrittlement Failure Pillow plate heat exchanger A pillow plate exchanger is commonly used in the dairy industry for cooling milk in large direct-expansion stainless steel bulk tanks. The pillow plate allows for cooling across nearly the entire surface area of the tank, without gaps that would occur between pipes welded to the exterior of the tank. The pillow plate is constructed using a thin sheet of metal spot-welded to the surface of another thicker sheet of metal. The thin plate is welded in a regular pattern of dots or with a serpentine pattern of weld lines. After welding the enclosed space is pressurized with sufficient force to cause the thin metal to bulge out around the welds, providing a space for heat exchanger liquids to flow, and creating a characteristic appearance of a swelled pillow formed out of metal. Fluid heat exchangers This is a heat exchanger with a gas passing upwards through a shower of fluid (often water), and the fluid is then taken elsewhere before being cooled. This is commonly used for cooling gases whilst also removing certain impurities, thus solving two problems at once. It is widely used in espresso machines as an energy-saving method of cooling super-heated water to use in the extraction of espresso. Waste heat recovery units A Waste Heat Recovery Unit (WHRU) is a heat exchanger that recovers heat from a hot gas stream while transferring it to a working medium, typically water or oils. The hot gas stream can be the exhaust gas from a gas turbine or a diesel engine or a waste gas from industry or refinery. They can also be integrated into a heatcatcher system that allows an ORC[further explanation needed] generator to produce waste heat to power. Dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger Another type of heat exchanger is called â€Å"(dynamic) scraped surface heat exchanger†. This is mainly used for heating or cooling with high-viscosity products, crystallization processes, evaporation and high-fouling applications. Long running times are achieved due to the continuous scraping of the surface, thus avoiding fouling and achieving a sustainable heat transfer rate during the process. Phase-change heat exchangers Typical kettle reboiler used for industrial distillation towers Typical water-cooled surface condenser In addition to heating up or cooling down fluids in just a single phase, heat exchangers can be used either to heat a liquid to evaporate (or boil) it or used as condensers to cool a vapor and condense it to a liquid. In chemical plants and refineries, reboilers used to heat incoming feed for distillation towers are often heat exchangers. 4][5] Distillation set-ups typically use condensers to condense distillate vapors back into liquid. Power plants that use steam-driven turbines commonly use heat exchangers to boil water into steam. Heat exchangers or similar units for producing steam from water are often called boilers or steam generators. In the nuclear power plants called pressurized w ater reactors, special large heat exchangers pass heat from the primary (reactor plant) system to the secondary (steam plant) system, producing steam from water in the process. These are called steam generators. All fossil-fueled and nuclear power plants using steam-driven turbines have surface condensers to convert the exhaust steam from the turbines into condensate (water) for re-use. [6][7] To conserve energy and cooling capacity in chemical and other plants, regenerative heat exchangers can transfer heat from a stream that must be cooled to another stream that must be heated, such as distillate cooling and reboiler feed pre-heating. This term can also refer to heat exchangers that contain a material within their structure that has a change of phase. This is usually a solid to liquid phase due to the small volume difference between these states. This change of phase effectively acts as a buffer because it occurs at a constant temperature but still allows for the heat exchanger to accept additional heat. One example where this has been investigated is for use in high power aircraft electronics. Direct contact heat exchangers Direct contact heat exchangers involve heat transfer between hot and cold streams of two phases in the absence of a separating wall. [8] Thus such heat exchangers can be classified as: * Gas – liquid * Immiscible liquid – liquid Solid-liquid or solid – gas Most direct contact heat exchangers fall under the Gas- Liquid category, where heat is transferred between a gas and liquid in the form of drops, films or sprays. [2] Such types of heat exchangers are used predominantly in air conditioning, humidification, industrial hot water heating, water cooling and condensing plants. [9] Phases[10]| Continuous phase| Driving force| Change of phase| Examples| Gas – Liquid| Gas| Gravity| No| Spray columns, packed columns| | | | Yes| Cooling towers, falling droplet evaporators| | | Forced| No| Spray coolers/quenchers| | Liquid flow| Yes| Spray condensers/evaporation, jet condensers| | Liquid| Gravity| No| Bubble columns, perforated tray columns| | | | Yes| Bubble column condensers| | | Forced| No| Gas spargers| | | Gas flow| Yes| Direct contact evaporators, submerged combustion| HVAC air coils One of the widest uses of heat exchangers is for air conditioning of buildings and vehicles. This class of heat exchangers is commonly called air coils, or just coils due to their often-serpentine internal tubing. Liquid-to-air, or air-to-liquid HVAC coils are typically of modified crossflow arrangement. In vehicles, heat coils are often called heater cores. On the liquid side of these heat exchangers, the common fluids are water, a water-glycol solution, steam, or a refrigerant. For heating coils, hot water and steam are the most common, and this heated fluid is supplied by boilers, for example. For cooling coils, chilled water and refrigerant are most common. Chilled water is supplied from a chiller that is potentially located very far away, but refrigerant must come from a nearby condensing unit. When a refrigerant is used, the cooling coil is the evaporator in the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. HVAC coils that use this direct-expansion of refrigerants are commonly called DX coils. Some DX coils are â€Å"microchannel† type. [11] On the air side of HVAC coils a significant difference exists between those used for heating, and those for cooling. Due to psychrometrics, air that is cooled often has moisture condensing out of it, except with extremely dry air flows. Heating some air increases that airflow’s capacity to hold water. So heating coils need not consider moisture condensation on their air-side, but cooling coils must be adequately designed and selected to handle their particular latent (moisture) as well as the sensible (cooling) loads. The water that is removed is called condensate. For many climates, water or steam HVAC coils can be exposed to freezing conditions. Because water expands upon freezing, these somewhat expensive and difficult to replace thin-walled heat exchangers can easily be damaged or destroyed by just one freeze. As such, freeze protection of coils is a major concern of HVAC designers, installers, and operators. The introduction of indentations placed within the heat exchange fins controlled condensation, allowing water molecules to remain in the cooled air. This invention allowed for refrigeration without icing of the cooling mechanism. [12] The heat exchangers in direct-combustion furnaces, typical in many residences, are not ‘coils’. They are, instead, gas-to-air heat exchangers that are typically made of stamped steel sheet metal. The combustion products pass on one side of these heat exchangers, and air to heat on the other. A cracked heat exchanger is therefore a dangerous situation that requires immediate attention because combustion products may enter living space. Spiral heat exchangers Schematic drawing of a spiral heat exchanger. A spiral heat exchanger (SHE), may refer to a helical (coiled) tube configuration, more generally, the term refers to a pair of flat surfaces that are coiled to form the two channels in a counter-flow arrangement. Each of the two channels has one long curved path. A pair of fluid ports are connected tangentially to the outer arms of the spiral, and axial ports are common, but optional. [13] The main advantage of the SHE is its highly efficient use of space. This attribute is often leveraged and partially reallocated to gain other improvements in performance, according to well known tradeoffs in heat exchanger design. A notable tradeoff is capital cost vs operating cost. ) A compact SHE may be used to have a smaller footprint and thus lower all-around capital costs, or an over-sized SHE may be used to have less pressure drop, less pumping energy, higher thermal efficiency, and lower energy costs. Construction The distance between the sheets in the spiral channels are maintained by usi ng spacer studs that were welded prior to rolling. Once the main spiral pack has been rolled, alternate top and bottom edges are welded and each end closed by a gasketed flat or conical cover bolted to the body. This ensures no mixing of the two fluids occurs. Any leakage is from the periphery cover to the atmosphere, or to a passage that contains the same fluid. [14] Self cleaning SHEs are often used in the heating of fluids that contain solids and thus tend to foul the inside of the heat exchanger. The low pressure drop lets the SHE handle fouling more easily. The SHE uses a â€Å"self cleaning† mechanism, whereby fouled surfaces cause a localized increase in fluid velocity, thus increasing the drag (or fluid friction) on the fouled surface, thus helping to dislodge the blockage and keep the heat exchanger clean. The internal walls that make up the heat transfer surface are often rather thick, which makes the SHE very robust, and able to last a long time in demanding environments. † They are also easily cleaned, opening out like an oven where any build up of foulant can be removed by pressure washing. Self-Cleaning Water filters are used to keep the system clean and running wi thout the need to shut down or replace cartridges and bags. Flow arrangements Concurrent and countercurrent flow. There are three main types of flows in a spiral heat exchanger: 1. Counter-current Flow: Fluids flow in opposite directions. These are used for liquid-liquid, condensing and gas cooling applications. Units are usually mounted vertically when condensing vapour and mounted horizontally when handling high concentrations of solids. 2. Spiral Flow/Cross Flow: One fluid is in spiral flow and the other in a cross flow. Spiral flow passages are welded at each side for this type of spiral heat exchanger. This type of flow is suitable for handling low density gas, which passes through the cross flow, avoiding pressure loss. It can be used for liquid-liquid applications if one liquid has a considerably greater flow rate than the other. . Distributed Vapour/Spiral flow: This design is that of a condenser, and is usually mounted vertically. It is designed to cater for the sub-cooling of both condensate and non-condensables. The coolant moves in a spiral and leaves via the top. Hot gases that enter leave as condensate via the bottom outlet. Applications The SHE is good for applications such as pasteurization, digester h eating, heat recovery, pre-heating (see: recuperator), and effluent cooling. For sludge treatment, SHEs are generally smaller than other types of heat exchangers. [citation needed] Selection Due to the many variables involved, selecting optimal heat exchangers is challenging. Hand calculations are possible, but many iterations are typically needed. As such, heat exchangers are most often selected via computer programs, either by system designers, who are typically engineers, or by equipment vendors. To select an appropriate heat exchanger, the system designers (or equipment vendors) would firstly consider the design limitations for each heat exchanger type. Though cost is often the primary criterion, several other selection criteria are important: * High/low pressure limits * Thermal performance Temperature ranges * Product mix (liquid/liquid, particulates or high-solids liquid) * Pressure drops across the exchanger * Fluid flow capacity * Cleanability, maintenance and repair * Materials required for construction * Ability and ease of future expansion * Material selection, such as copper, aluminum, carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloys, and titanium. Small-diamete r coil technologies are becoming more popular in modern air conditioning and refrigeration systems because they have better rates of heat transfer than conventional sized condenser and evaporator coils with round copper tubes and aluminium or opper fin that have been the standard in the HVAC industry. Small diameter coils can withstand the higher pressures required by the new generation of environmentally friendlier refrigerants. Two small diameter coil technologies are currently available for air conditioning and refrigeration products: copper microgroove[15] and brazed aluminium microchannel. [16] Choosing the right heat exchanger (HX) requires some knowledge of the different heat exchanger types, as well as the environment where the unit must operate. Typically in the manufacturing industry, several differing types of heat exchangers are used for just the one process or system to derive the final product. For example, a kettle HX for pre-heating, a double pipe HX for the ‘carrier’ fluid and a plate and frame HX for final cooling. With sufficient knowledge of heat exchanger types and operating requirements, an appropriate selection can be made to optimise the process. [17] Monitoring and maintenance Online monitoring of commercial heat exchangers is done by tracking the overall heat transfer coefficient. The overall heat transfer coefficient tends to decline over time due to fouling. U=Q/A? Tlm By periodically calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient from exchanger flow rates and temperatures, the owner of the heat exchanger can estimate when cleaning the heat exchanger is economically attractive. Integrity inspection of plate and tubular heat exchanger can be tested in situ by the conductivity or helium gas methods. These methods confirm the integrity of the plates or tubes to prevent any cross contamination and the condition of the gaskets. Mechanical integrity monitoring of heat exchanger tubes may be conducted through Nondestructive methods such as eddy current testing. Fouling Main article: Fouling A heat exchanger in a steam power station contaminated with macrofouling. Fouling occurs when impurities deposit on the heat exchange surface. Deposition of these impurities can decrease heat transfer effectiveness significantly over time and are caused by: * Low wall shear stress * Low fluid velocities * High fluid velocities * Reaction product solid precipitation * Precipitation of dissolved impurities due to elevated wall temperatures The rate of heat exchanger fouling is determined by the rate of particle deposition less re-entrainment/suppression. This model was originally proposed in 1959 by Kern and Seaton. Crude Oil Exchanger Fouling. In commercial crude oil refining, crude oil is heated from 21  °C to 343  °C prior to entering the distillation column. A series of shell and tube heat exchangers typically exchange heat between crude oil and other oil streams to heat the crude to 260  °C prior to heating in a furnace. Fouling occurs on the crude side of these exchangers due to asphaltene insolubility. The nature of asphaltene solubility in crude oil was successfully modeled by Wiehe and Kennedy. 18] The precipitation of insoluble asphaltenes in crude preheat trains has been successfully modeled as a first order reaction by Ebert and Panchal[19] who expanded on the work of Kern and Seaton. Cooling Water Fouling. Cooling water systems are susceptible to fouling. Cooling water typically has a high total dissolved solids content and suspended colloidal solids. Localized precipitation of dissolved solids occurs at the heat e xchange surface due to wall temperatures higher than bulk fluid temperature. Low fluid velocities (less than 3  ft/s) allow suspended solids to settle on the heat exchange surface. Cooling water is typically on the tube side of a shell and tube exchanger because it’s easy to clean. To prevent fouling, designers typically ensure that cooling water velocity is greater than 0. 9 m/s and bulk fluid temperature is maintained less than 60  °C. Other approaches to control fouling control combine the â€Å"blind† application of biocides and anti-scale chemicals with periodic lab testing. Maintenance Plate heat exchangers must be disassembled and cleaned periodically. Tubular heat exchangers can be cleaned by such methods as acid cleaning, sandblasting, high-pressure water jet, bullet cleaning, or drill rods. In large-scale cooling water systems for heat exchangers, water treatment such as purification, addition of chemicals, and testing, is used to minimize fouling of the heat exchange equipment. Other water treatment is also used in steam systems for power plants, etc. to minimize fouling and corrosion of the heat exchange and other equipment. A variety of companies have started using water borne oscillations technology to prevent biofouling. Without the use of chemicals, this type of technology has helped in providing a low-pressure drop in heat exchangers. In nature Humans The human nasal passages serve as a heat exchanger, which warms air being inhaled and cools air being exhaled. You can demonstrate its effectiveness by putting your hand in front of your face and exhaling, first through your nose and then through your mouth. Air exhaled through your nose is substantially cooler. [20][21] In species that have external testes (such as humans), the artery to the testis is surrounded by a mesh of veins called the pampiniform plexus. This cools the blood heading to the testis, while reheating the returning blood. Birds, fish, marine mammals Countercurrent exchange conservation circuit Further information: Countercurrent exchange in biological systems â€Å"Countercurrent† heat exchangers occur naturally in the circulation system of fish, whales and other marine mammals. Arteries to the skin carrying warm blood are intertwined with veins from the skin carrying cold blood, causing the warm arterial blood to exchange heat with the cold venous blood. This reduces the overall heat loss in cold waters. Heat exchangers are also present in the tongue of baleen whales as large volumes of water flow through their mouths. 22][23] Wading birds use a similar system to limit heat losses from their body through their legs into the water. Carotid rete The carotid rete is a counter-current heat exchanging organ in some ungulates. The blood ascending the carotid arteries on its way to the brain, flows via a network of vessels where heat is discharged to the veins of cooler blood descending from the nasal passages. The carotid rete allows Thomson’s gazelle to maintain its brain almost 3 °C cooler than the rest of the body, and therefore aids in tolerating bursts in metabolic heat roduction such as associated with outrunning cheetahs (during which the body temperature exceeds the maximum temperature at which the brain could function). [24] In industry Heat exchangers are widely used in industry both for cooling and heating large scale industrial processes. The type and size of heat exchanger used can be tailored to suit a process depending on the type of fluid, its phase, temperature, density, viscosity, pressures, chemical composition and various other thermodynamic properties. In many industrial processes there is waste of energy or a heat stream that is being exhausted, heat exchangers can be used to recover this heat and put it to use by heating a different stream in the process. This practice saves a lot of money in industry, as the heat supplied to other streams from the heat exchangers would otherwise come from an external source that is more expensive and more harmful to the environment. Heat exchangers are used in many industries, including: * Waste water treatment Refrigeration * Wine and beer making * Petroleum refining In waste water treatment, heat exchangers play a vital role in maintaining optimal temperatures within anaerobic digesters to promote the growth of microbes that remove pollutants. Common types of heat exchangers used in this application are the double pipe heat exchanger as well as the plate and frame heat exchanger. In aircraft In commercial aircraft heat exchangers are used to take heat from the engine’s oil system to hea t cold fuel. 25] This improves fuel efficiency, as well as reduces the possibility of water entrapped in the fuel freezing in components. [26] Early 2008, a Boeing 777 flying as British Airways Flight 38 crashed just short of the runway. In an early-2009 Boeing-update sent to aircraft operators, the problem was identified as specific to the Rolls-Royce engine oil-fuel flow heat exchangers. [26] Other heat exchangers, or Boeing 777 aircraft powered by GE or Pratt and Whitney engines, were not affected by the problem. [26] How to cite Heat Exchanger, Papers

Morten Lundal Leadership Change Management & Research Methodology

Question: Describe about the Leadership and Change Management for Research Methodology. Answer: Introduction The present study elucidates in detail the research methodology that can be adopted for analyzing the influence of the leadership strategy as well as the change management practices on the overall development of the firm Maxis Mobile. In addition to this, the current section also carries out an extensive study on the selected leader as well as the organization. Furthermore, the current study also illustratively assesses and reviews the current leadership and change management practices in the organization Maxis Mobile. This can help in detection of the current leadership practices and the change management practices and the influence it currently exerts on the overall performance of the firm. In addition to this, the current segment also analyses the transformational leadership strategy of the firm and examines different implications of different leadership and change management models. Outline of the Research Methodology for data collection The current section that outlines the research methodology that can be utilized for the purpose of evaluation of the influence of the leadership strategy and diverse change management practices on the overall effectiveness as well operational efficiency of the corporation Maxis Mobile (Grant, 2012). The research methodology mentions the process of conducting the entire process of the execution of the study that includes the methods of collection of the requisite data, selection of the sample, techniques of sampling and the process of evaluation of the acquired data. The study on the influence of the leadership strategy and change management practices can take into consideration both the primary as well as the secondary data (Pickard, 2012). The primary data refers to the first hand data that can be selected from the direct field of survey. The targeted respondent that happens to be the employees of the corporation Maxis Mobile can be treated as the sample of the study. The sample selected based on the purposive sampling can help in the collection of large amounts of data by means of the diverse mechanisms (Pickard, 2012). The sample size can be selected to be 50. Questionnaires can be utilized for the purpose of identification of the specific factors from the investigation of the respondents of the surve (Pickard, 2012). Questionnaire containing pertinent questions can be mailed to the managers of the organization for purpose of collection of different primary data directly from the field of the survey. The online survey can help in the collection of the requisite primary data for the study. The response percentage from the targeted respondents can help in collection of the requisite primary data that is required for the present study on the leadership and change management in Maxis Mobile. The sample consisting of the members of the staff of the organization are essentially selected purposively. Therefore, it can be said that purposive sampling has been selected in the present case. In addition to primary data, the secondary data can also be used that can help in acquirement of the data that are acquired from sources that are already available (Pickard, 2012). Again, the secondary data can also be gathered from the empirical evidences and academic literature that can help in understanding different models and theories that can be implemented in the business for increasing the effectiveness of the business concern. The secondary sources of the requisite secondary data essentially include the books, journals, magazines, websites and newspapers among many others. The members of the staff of the organization Maxis Mobile can be selected as the targeted respondent that is the population for the research survey. The primary as well as the secondary data can help in analyzing the overall leadership as well as the change management in the organization. Again, both qualitative and at the same quantitative analysis can be used for the purpose of evaluation of the collected data. The quantitative analysis therefore comprises of the mathematical as well as the statistical analysis of the numerical data that is obtained from the study that essentially includes the quantitative data. The quantitative data for the present study can be gathered from the research survey that is conducted online with the willing partakers of the study along with the secondary data that encompasses the company accounts. In addition to this, the study can also include the qualitative analysis that can include thematic analysis based on different written accounts of diverse past events as well as company declarations presented in the financial statements of the company. Study of the selected leader and the organization The leader selected for the study is the Morten Lundal, the Chief Executive Officer of the Maxis Mobile. Morten Lundal joined the corporation during the year 2004. Morten Lundal was instrumental in establishing different alterations that are considered important for the growth as well as transformation of the telecom operator (Digital News Asia., 2016). Under the potential leadership of Morten Lundal, Maxis Mobile gained greater share of the mobile market, generated higher revenue, higher levels of earnings and increased price of the shares considerably. In addition to this, the chief executive officer, Maxis Mobile, has demonstrated the capability of assuming bold steps and make radical alterations in order to align the entire organization to different expected transformations in the industry and demand of the consumers (Digital News Asia., 2016). The able leader that is the chief executive officer of the company Maxis Mobile also concentrates on innovation as well as development of management and focuses on providing overall leadership to the corporation. Therefore, it can be hereby ascertained from the study of the selected leader of the corporation Maxis Mobile that the company maxis Mobile has benefitted from the leadership strategy of the firm. However, the study of the selected leader of the firm Maxis Mobile also reveals the fact that the leadership strategy adopted by the leader also put emphasis on the change management practices that has yielded positive results. In addition to this, it can be hereby established from the study of the selected leader of the corporation Maxis Mobile that the leadership strategy can be aligned to the transformational leadership strategy (Digital News Asia., 2016). The Transformational leadership strategy adopted by the leader of the firm therefore concentrates on the intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation and idealized influence (Moynihan et al., 2012). The transformational lead ership strategy adopted by the selected leader of the firm can therefore help in attainment of the leaders by means of responding to different individual needs of the followers and thereby empowering them (Battilana Casciaro, 2012). This strategy also helps in alignment of the goals of the entity, individual leaders, group as well as organization. The transformational leadership therefore can influence various positive alterations that can ensure success of the organization (Moynihan et al., 2012). The organization Maxis Mobile that is considered a leading service provider of communication in Malaysia that can enable different individuals, families as well as different business concerns to acquire benefits. In addition to this, the Maxis Mobile is a publicly listed organization, headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, that serves different areas that includes diverse areas of Asia as well as South America (Maxis Berhad - Investor Relations: Investor Overview., 2016). The company Maxis Mobile that is committed to provide different unparalleled end-to-end internet experience help in introducing advancements in connectivity and increased technological innovation. The study of the goals and objectives of the organization also substantiates the fact that the identified leadership strategy of the firm is also aligned with the identified organizational objectives (Spillane, 2012). Review and analyze the current leadership and change management practices in the organization The current leadership strategy of the firm can be analysed from the strategies adopted by the leaders of the fir. Maxis Mobile appointed Morten Mundal as the chief executive officer of the corporation who acts as the leader (Maxis Berhad - Investor Relations: Investor Overview., 2016). Therefore, the working strategies of the firm can help in comprehending the leadership policies of the corporation. The current leadership practice of the firm therefore is said to be influenced by the policy of the top leader. The analysis of the current operations of the corporation and structure reveals the fact that the company has an experienced leadership team headed by the CEO Morten Lundal and that helps the new recruits with deep sense of knowledge as regards the business while gaining chances to be mentored. The leadership of Morten Lundal that essentially assumes resolute leadership as well as visionary style can assist in the process of the organizational restructuring. Mortens leadership also focuses on clarification of the doubts as well as leadership uncertainty that essentially hovers around the company. The principles of leadership followed by the new leader has brought about different changes in the organization that in turn can not only sustain but also retain strengthen the overall operations of the organization in the competitive business environment. In addition to this, the Maxis Mobile also shows strong commitment towards education as well as development of leadership by introducing the Maxis Scholarship for Excellence Awards (MSEA) to excellent students of Malaysia who will be joining international universities (Maxis Berhad - Investor Relations: Investor Overview., 2016). The MSEA also helps in identification of the academic results, great character as well as attitude along with the capability that in turn can help in recognition of future talents and ability to develop as leaders. The telco corporation also implements different transformation program that can help in focussing on implementation of positive changes in the organization. The company has therefore implemented advanced network that can cover around 90% of population and the 4G LTE that has doubled to more than 70% of the coverage (Maxis Berhad - Investor Relations: Investor Overview., 2016). The transformational leadership that focuses on innovation and radical alteration that can match with the expected changes in the industry can help in generation of positive results. As mentioned in the annual report of the firm, the year 2016 can be regarded as the second phase of transformation that supports digitalization (Maxis Berhad - Investor Relations: Investor Overview., 2016). This shows that the business practices of the firm can help in enhancement of the leaders and attain the Maxis Leadership Expectations. The anticipations also become the foundation of the leadership development programs. This management program can help in increasing the technical skills as well as people leadership skills to the leaders that in turn can help in introducing innovative business practices. Maxis therefore support change and responds to different alterations by providing differentiated, unique offerings for different digital-savvy clientele. Channel alteration initiatives also modernised different retail outlets that doubled during the year 2015 with more than 170 locations throughout Malaysia. Therefore, Maxis implements the digitization under the able and experienc ed leaders and supports positive changes (Von Krogh, 2012). This also includes the primary changes in the functioning setup that includes the IT as well processes that are indispensable to uphold organizations ambitions. The organization therefore also need to put up and attain new potential in different areas that includes innovative selling as well as provisioning, digitalized outlets, buyer opinion (big data) and the cloud among many others (Von Krogh, 2012). Application of current practices in Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd Maxis Berhad welcomes Morten as the new CEO (Chief Executive Director). He was the much-speculated appointment with the company named as Maxis Berhad. Lundal Morten believes in resolute leadership as well as visionary style. This new CEO (Morten) transforms the way by working for Digi.com Bhd from the year 2004 to 2008. Transformation is important in business in the fast-evolving environment. It was known to the shareholders that nothing was going well within Maxis and there was need for immediate change. Morten made transformation smallish Digi into a leader for prepaid segment in the global marketplace. Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd operates its business in telecommunication industry. It is advisable to Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd in developing the best practices that bring change in the business practices (Schalock Verdugo, 2012). With the use of conceptual models, it is easy to align with organizational strategy for making the regulatory adjustments in accommodating the business environment. Ma xis Mobile Sdn Bhd company policies require executive directors for emphasizing values as well as attitudes at work. Rothaermel (2015) argues that effective leaders has the responsibility in keeping the management systems on the correct uses of financial resources at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. Change implementation will help Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd getting advanced with other nearest competitors in and around the world (Schalock Verdugo, 2012). Change comes along with threats as well as advantages as there are high risk factors for companies adopting change management policies. It is because there are no full-proof rules whereby organization can attain revenue generation in the upcoming financial years. Organization can make effort in minimizing risk as far as possible as it is impossible to avoid risk in any business organization (Johnston Marshall, 2016). Morten had planned for constructing managerial structure within Maxis. The hierarchy was heavily wood decorated. This involves 40% of managers for carrying out the business operations. As rightly said by Jeston Nelis (2014), Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd uses best leadership culture in following with the command especially for all the possible departments. Role of leadership takes at all levels of organizational level at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. Executives should find ways in implementing change management leading towards success rates in the business process (Goetsch Davis, 2014). In order to implement any kind of change, CEO and other top executives need to visit all departments for understanding the current management at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. Leaders should take utmost attention in listening to the employee grievances and complaints. They should solve the issues addressing the complaint of the workforce at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd (Schalock Verdugo, 2012). Leadership Model in Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd Transformational leadership is purely based on the ability of the leaders that motivate followers with their charismatic leadership. In this present case organization, Morten (CEO of Maxis Behad) has intellectual stimulation as well as individually considered as possessing leading attributes and has charismatic personality. This means that Morten leads his employees on correct path by implementation of new ideas and policies within Maxis Behad. Morten enhances high morale as well as motivating factor that help employees in working more within the business organization. Figure: Transformational Leadership adopted by Morten at Maxis Behad (Source: Hayes, 2014) Hayes (2014) suggests that leadership model will help Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd in having the best leadership practices at the organization. Leadership theories are one of the most unique leadership styles that enable managers for adopting the change management strategies. Morten- (CEO) of Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd adopts transformational leadership strategies for attainment of future strategic goals and objectives. According to Grohar-Murray et al., (2016), leadership styles adopted by managers at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd should be two-way and transparent so that employees can communicate any grievances to their immediate seniors. Trait Theory- This particular theory will help Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd in understanding the unique personality traits of leaders at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. It helps in suggesting number of personality traits as well as characteristics at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Different individuals have unique personality traits that will help in bringing change in the business organization. This helps in determination of effective strategy for leadership changes in and within organization for the given theory under study. This particular theory helps leaders at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd in conducting good decisions for the team members. Behavioral Theories- This particular theory helps in answering the questions regarding the work of an effective leader. It helps in understanding the behavioral aspects of leaders working at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd (Cummings Worley, 2014). It works along with the current working environment in accordance with leadership as well as change management process. Leaders using the theory for bringing changes in managerial actions for behaving in a particular working area. Kurt Lewin Force Field Analysis Change Model in Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd can use Kurt Lewin Force Field Analysis Model for managing business in an effective way (Cameron Green, 2015). This particular model serves as a strategic tool for understanding the required changes at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. The Force Field Analysis proposed by Kurt Lewin helps in describing the overall plans as well as strategies that can be utilized for comprehending the needs in both professional as well as personal environment. The Kurt Lewins force field analysis refers to both the driving as well as restraining forces that determine the present state. The driving forces refer to the positive forces that can bring about the changes in the organization. In addition to this, the restraining forces are essentially those factors that can act as impediments in the process of the implementation of the change. The driving forces in the organization Maxis Mobile include the transformational leadership of the CEO Morten Lundal that has brought about diverse positive changes that in turn can affect the revenue as well as the market share of the organization. The positive forces that help in bringing about assertive changes include the value added business services orienting around managed services, process of cloud computing, machine-to-machine as well as security solutions. The new CEO of the organization has also implemented several changes that includes the restructuring of the organization for becoming more responsive towards the requirements of the customers and thereby focuses on four key areas, namely, the Consumer Business, Enterprise Solutions, Digital Services as well as Sales and Services. However, the restraining forces that act as an impediment include the attitude of the members of the staff of the organization regarding the changes. The uncertainty hovering around the concept of the change also acts as an obstacle and the level of the expertise of the employee can restrain the changed strategies. It can bring change in both corpor ate as well as physical environment at the same time. Implementation of change management at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd will bring responding towards business environment for operating purpose (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). Resistant of change is important for solving the issues with dissatisfaction in aligning with current performance level of Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. Kurt Lewin effectively identified four major forces that helps in bringing modification of challenges for addressing the business issues as well as splitting of factors in against change. Application of Kurt Lewin Force Field Analysis helps Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd in designing effective leadership as well as change management strategies in the most appropriate way. Beck Cowan (2014) explains that force field analysis aims at assisting leadership of Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd for making informed decisions in the near future. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd requires bringing changes in their leadership styles. Leaders at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd should use power as well as influence in getting things done for future analysis purpose. Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd leaders should continuously monitor business operations and guide the followers in the discrete direction. Change is a well-planned as well as managed process that proves beneficial to the business organization. These benefits should be well understood before applying organizational systems. Therefore, this study gives detailed study on the leadership as well as change management in the conceptual matters in the business process. The above analysis focus mainly on the data collection method for analyzing how effective leadership as well as change management at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd. Survey method and interview method are adopted by the researcher for conducting the research using data samples from the individuals. Transition management should gain in creation of right insights for bringing changes in the staff members attitudes. It is essential to have transparent communication at Maxis Mobile Sdn Bhd and conducting research in understanding the needs as well as expectations of customers in desired way. Reference List Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Battilana, J., Casciaro, T. (2012). Change agents, networks, and institutions: A contingency theory of organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(2), 381-398. Beck, D. E., Cowan, C. (2014). Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015). Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Digital News Asia. (2016).Digitalnewsasia.com. Retrieved 13 September 2016, from https://www.digitalnewsasia.com Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Grant, A. M. (2012). Leading with meaning: Beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership.Academy of Management Journal,55(2), 458-476. Grohar-Murray, M. E., DiCroce, H. R., Langan, J. C. (2016). Leadership and management in nursing. Pearson. Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014). Business process management. Routledge. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016). Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Maxis Berhad - Investor Relations: Investor Overview. (2016).Maxis.listedcompany.com. Retrieved 13 September 2016, from https://maxis.listedcompany.com Moynihan, D. P., Pandey, S. K., Wright, B. E. (2012). Setting the table: How transformational leadership fosters performance information use.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,22(1), 143-164. Pickard, A. (2012).Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015). Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Schalock, R. L., Verdugo, M. A. (2012). A Leadership Guide for Today's Disabilities Organizations: Overcoming Challenges and Making Change Happen. Brookes Publishing Company. PO Box 10624, Baltimore, MD 21285. Spillane, J. P. (2012).Distributed leadership(Vol. 4). John Wiley Sons. Von Krogh, G. (2012). How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a strategic research agenda.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,21(2), 154-164.

Anti-Semitism Influence Essays - Racism, Discrimination, Orientalism

Anti-Semitism Influence The word rests in a conversation like a foul stench and with it comes unbidden images and accusations. Today in many circles this word alone is possibly the most horrendous name to place on a person. Maybe though, not because of what it means, but because of what it brings to mind. Automatically and unwanted, pictures come to our mind of goose stepping Nazis and concentration camps, bodies piled high and what we think of as the air fills with the scent of burning flesh. Our worst nightmares and human kinds worst behavior's. Yet, many of us do not know where the term came from or even what it means beyond their simple ideas. Even dictionaries only give the blandest description of the term. Webster's New World Dictionary defines anti-Semitism as "having or showing prejudice against Jews," "discriminating against or persecuting Jews," "...hostility [toward Jews]." but there really isn't a lot to be learned from that, that we didn't already know. So I knew I had to dig deeper. So I started to look for references to Nazi's and Hitler as well as Martin Luther. I began to even look for sites of the Ku Klux Klan in efforts to find some background on the term that brings so much angst into the mind as this. Although I admit, I did find a wonderful article in an unexpected location, unexpected only because I had already consulted so many encyclopedias and found nothing. Yet Funk and Wagner told me this: "ANTI-SEMITISM, political, social, and economic agitation and activities directed against Jews. The term is now used to denote anti-Judaic acts or sentiments based on any grounds, including religious ones. The adjective Semitic originally was applied to all descendants of Shem, the eldest son of the biblical patriarch Noah; in later usage, it refers to a group of peoples of southwestern Asia, including both Jews and Arabs. The word anti-Semitism was coined about 1879 to denote hostility only toward Jews. This hostility is supposedly justified by a theory, first developed in Germany in the middle of the 19th century, that peoples of so-called Aryan stock are superior in physique and character to those of Semitic stock." www.funkandwagnalls.com/ I was surprised to learn that it had to do with more then just the Jews, but Arabs as well. Else where, I found a little more to back this up; "Anti-Semitism, from a strict adherence to the compound structure and meaning of the word itself, can be defined simply as being against (antagonistic toward, opposed to) the Semitic people. In a grammatical and etymological sense (as pertaining to race), such a definition would include all the descendants of Shem (e.g., the Arabic nations as well as the nation of Israel). The word "anti-Semitism" though is not really used in a broad sense pertaining to the entire Semitic line. Rather, the word is invariably used in a much more restrictive sense, referring to opposition exhibited toward only one branch of the Semitic line -- opposition exhibited toward the descendants of Abraham through Isaac and Jacob. The Jewish people alone, among the Semitic people, have been the target of persecution after persecution during the past three and one-half millenniums; and "anti-Semitism" is an expression which has come into use pointing to these persecutions. Other Semitic nations are not in view at all." gracenet.com/lamp/TODA1.html And a little more on the background; "Today one hears protests that the word anti- Semitism should not be used, because there are other Semites besides the Jews. The term however, was coined in 1879 by a racist named Wilhelm Marr. He was searching for a more scientific sounding term then Jew when he founded the League of Anti-Semites. In the European context, the word Semite was used strictly for the Jews." Page 36 Christians and Jews in Germany. Uriel Tal. The term can further be broken own into both racial and religious anti-Semitism. "Both religious and racial anti-Semitism were to be found in the Second Reich. Religious anti-Semitism insisted that a Jew could not retain his Jewish identity, and it demanded that he converts and assimilates. Fredrick Paulsen, a prominent liberal humanist and outspoken critic of racial anti-Semitism, explained in his "System of Ethics" that ?to remain a complete Jew and a complete German is impossible.' Racial anti-Semitism treated the Jew as a parasite, a biological inferior that conversion and assimilation would not cure, a danger to the body politic." Uriel Tal, Christian's and Jews in Germany: Religion, Politics, and Ideology in the Second Reich, 1870-1914, trans. Noah Jonathan Jacobs (Ithaca NY

Gobbledygook - Definition and Examples

Gobbledygook s Gobbledygook is inflated, jargon-cluttered prose that fails to communicate clearly. Contrast with clarity and plain English. Also spelled gobbledegook. Stephen R. Covey describes gobbledygook as language that is so pompous, long-winded, and abstract that it is unintelligible (Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication, 2012). The term  gobbledygook  was coined in 1944 by Texas lawyer Maury Maverick, who expressed disdain for the gobbledygook language of his colleagues. The word was inspired by the turkey, always gobbledy gobbling and strutting with ludicrous pomposity. Examples and Observations: Gobbledygook or bureaucratese is another kind of doublespeak. Such doublespeak is simply a matter of overwhelming the audience with technical, unfamiliar words. When asked why U.S. forces lacked intelligence information on Grenada before they invaded the island in 1983, Admiral Wesley L. McDonald told reporters that We were not micromanaging Grenada intelligence-wise until about that time frame.(William Lutz, The World of Doublespeak. Doublespeak: From Revenue Enhancement to Terminal Living. Harper Row, 1989)Where the combined value of the above payments before actual assimilation remains greater than the combined value of the payments after assimilation, the former level of pay will be protected. These protection arrangements apply to the combined value of payments before and after assimilation, not to individual pay components, excepting the provision relating to retention of existing on-call arrangements.(Agenda for Change, Central Manchester and Manchester Children’s Univ ersity Hospitals NHS Trust, 2005) To the ordinary guy, all this is a bunch of gobbledygook. But out of the gobbledygook comes a very clear thing: you cant trust the government; you cant believe what they say, and you cant rely on their judgment.(H.R. Haldeman, recording made in the Oval Office, June 14, 1971)Gobbledygook in Sentence StructureIn sentence structure, gobbledygook is usually due to lack of time and care, as perhaps with the personal pension plan which defined foreign emoluments as earnings of a person resident but not domiciled in the United Kingdom from duties performed wholly or partly in the United Kingdom for a non-resident employer. It’s as clear as dirty dishwater, and perhaps more time should have been spent drafting it. Clear, concise writing cannot be done in a hurry, as the French writer Pascal realized when he once wrote to a friend, I have made this letter longer than usual, only because I have not had time to make it shorter.(Jean Aitchison, The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words. Cambridge University Press, 1997) Adverse Effects of GobbledygookAs doublespeak, gobbledygook may either substitute for a speakers lack of knowledge or insight about a subject, or it may once again serve to confuse. . . .In 1972, Ford Motor Company sent a letter to those who purchased the defective 1972 Mercury Montego: With respect to possible mechanical deficiencies, the rear axle bearings of the cars can deteriorate. Continued driving with a failed bearing could result in disengagement of the axle shaft and adversely affect vehicle control.(Ken Kirk, Writing for Readability. ASTD, July 2010)Doctor Who MomentsOften when listening to football managers and coaches explain the game I find myself thinking of those moments in Dr Who when, with catastrophe approaching, Matt Smith suddenly announces, Theres a good chance that if we can reverse the polarity on this lithium crystal then the magnetic vortex will suck the Daleks into a different time-space continuum and the planet will be saved. Has anybody got a hatpin?Their midfield was playing off us, the Time Lords of the dugout tell us as relegation hurtles towards our homes like a Zygon battle trireme carrying an explosive payload the size of Ronaldos wallet. We need to get more offensive in the off-loading zone. Frankly, we all know it is a pile of gobbledygook, but if it has the sheen of plausibility it is more fun to believe in it than not.(Harry Pearson, Will Andy Carroll Prove the Difference That Destroys the Planet? The Guardian, Nov. 12, 2010) The Lighter Side of GobbledygookOh, meltdown. Its one of those annoying buzzwords. We prefer to call it an unrequested fission surplus.(Charles Montgomery Burns in Homer Defined, The Simpsons) Pronunciation: GOB-ul-dee-GOOK Editing Exercises: Exercise in Eliminating Deadwood From Our WritingExercise in Eliminating Wordiness in Business WritingPractice in Cutting the Clutter

Discovery Strategies for Self-expression and Persuasion Personal Statement

Discovery Strategies for Self-expression and Persuasion - Personal Statement Example Outline preparation often requires consideration of a variety of topics before sorting them out to select the very basic to the subject matter in question. Valerie also likes using regular outlines due to their structural nature. I agree with Valerie because an essay can lose focus if the writer does not adhere to a specific structure. A regular outline implies that there a definite structure consisting of the introduction, body, and conclusion (Kapai 31). I also conquer with Valerie concerning the differences between process and persuasive essays; in process essays, the write-only outlines the main facts, but persuasive essays require consideration of both sides before taking a stand. According to Kapai, giving due consideration to both sides of the argument portrays respect to other people’s views and limits fallacious conclusions during discussions (11).

Occupation Wall Street Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupation Wall Street - Essay Example Occupy Wall Street took place in New York City, Wall Street. Wall Street is a financial district. The Possibility of the Group Being Classified as a Terrorist Organization, According To F.B.I.’s Definition By all means, there is no way OWS can be classified as a terrorist organization. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) defines a terrorist organization as an outfit that engages in the unlawful use of violence and force against people or property with the intention of coercing or intimidating a government, civilians or any part of these two, as a way of furthering political or social aims (Spiller, 2006). First, as already stated, OWS does not meet the definition of an organization, since it has no hierarchical structure that governs intra-organizational relations. All the deliberations on the specifics of the protests were being made via Facebook and Twitter, but not from clandestine centers. On the contrary, terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda have a clear chain of command and bases to operate from. Secondly, it is worth noting that OWS did not employ the use of violence as a way achieving its ends. Instead, it used peaceful protests as a way of addressing its concerns. While terrorism through violence has left many maimed, dead, pauperized and emotionally devastated, OWS did not antagonize anyone.

Marketing Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Report - Essay Example This myth or common assumption in the field of marketing has largely contributed to low focus on the market segment of the over 50s in terms of personalized products, services, and marketing campaigns. By overlooking this particular market segment, it means that most companies are unable to diversify, increase their market share, and overall revenues because they are not tapping the opportunity presented by this market segment. This present paper is a briefing paper prepared from the standpoint of the Marketing Director of Nestle breakfast cereal division for the United Kingdom. This briefing paper will outline the key elements of a marketing strategy that is designed to target the market segment of the over 50s. The outline will entail the market opportunities, product strategy, and the next steps that should be undertaken before drawing up a formal marketing plan. Market opportunities To begin with, the report presented by Shaw (2008) on behalf RIAS insurance company, noted that st atistics from the Office for National Statistics reveal that the population for the over 50s is bound to increase in the coming in years and in particular they are bound to reach 27.2 million by the year 2031. According to the writings by Morgan and Levy (2002), this statistics reflect a market segment that will record increased demand over time and therefore, companies focusing on this particular segment will be able to record a continued growth in terms of revenue from the sales arising from this expanding market segment. Therefore, based on the estimated population growth for the over 50s, the Nestle breakfast cereal division for the UK will record continued increase in demand and subsequent revenue arising from the breakfast cereal that is specially prepared for the over 50s population. Another factor that demonstrates the true potential of the market segment for the over 50s is the fact that both Shaw’s (2008) report and the report by Kellogg’s indicated that the over 50’s are wealthier and have high disposable income or high spending power as compared to the other generations. Under the RIAS’ report, Shaw (2008) noted that the over 50s have substantial financial assets. In particular, their personal wealth has risen by 45.6% over the past 5 years to surpass the ?5 trillion mark, secondly, they account for 75% of UK’s total wealth and on average the persons above the age of 65 years has a life savings of ?11,660.85. The report by Kellogg’s noted that persons above the age of 65 years are wealthier and they make up 20% of cereal consumers. The findings from these two reports further validate the true potential of the over 50s market segment since it was noted that they have a high spending power which means that demand for Nestle’s breakfast cereals, which are specifically prepared for this market segment will experience high demand. According to Morgan and Levy (2002), a viable market segment that can gener ate high revenues for a business is usually made up of consumers with high spending power and therefore, by strategically focusing on creating breakfast cereals for the over 50s market segment, Nestle is bound to record increased revenue. In terms of food

Climate Change Essay

Climate Change Essay Climate change in the world can be caused by various activities. When climate change occurs; temperatures can increase a dramatically. When temperature rises, many different changes can occur on Earth. For example, it can result in more floods, droughts, or intense rain, as well as more frequent and severe heat waves. Oceans and glaciers have also experienced some changes: oceans are warming and becoming more acidic, glaciers are melting, and sea levels are rising. As these changes frequently occur in future decades, they will likely present challenges to our society and environment. During the past century, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Most of the gases come from burning fossil fuels to produce energy. Greenhouse gases are like a blanket around the Earth, trapping energy in the atmosphere and causing it to warm. This is called the greenhouse effect and it is natural and necessary to support life on earth. However, while greenhouse gases buildup, the climate changes and result in dangerous effects to human health and ecosystems. People have adapted to the stable climate we have enjoyed since the last ice age which ended several thousand years ago. A warmer climate can bring changes that can affect our water supplies, agriculture, power and transportation systems, the natural environment, and even our own health and safety. There are some climate changes that are unavoidable and nothing can be done about it. For example, carbon dioxide can stay in the atmosphere for nearly a century, so Earth will continue to warm in the future. Global warming has really taken effect in the world over the last century. It is the unusually rapid increase in the Earths average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. Global warming is due to the enhancing greenhouse gases emission and build-up in the Earths environment. The gases that have an influence on the atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen-oxide, and methane. Almost 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. In the other 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet. This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere is beneficial for life on Earth. Today, the atmosphere contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being absorbed by the atmosphere. By increasing the co ncentration of greenhouse gases, we are making Earths atmosphere a more efficient greenhouse. Climate has cooled and warmed throughout the Earth history for various reasons. Rapid warming like we see today is unusual in the history of our planet. Some of the factors that have an effect on climate, like volcanic eruptions and changes in the amount of solar energy, are natural. Climate can change if there is a change in the amount of solar energy that gets to the Earth. Volcano eruptions can really affect climate, because when it erupts it spews out more than just lava and ash. Volcanoes release tiny particles made of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. These particles get into the stratosphere and reflect solar radiation back out to space. Snow and ice also have a great effect on climate. When snow and ice melts Earths climate warms, less energy is reflected and this causes even more warming. There are many different ways that plants, animals, and other life on our planet can affect climate. Some can produce greenhouse gases that trap heat and aid global warming through the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere by plants as they make their food by photosynthesis. During the night, plants release some carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Methane is made while farm animals, such as cattle and sheep digest their food. Cars and trucks can effect climate by releasing carbon dioxide when fossil fuels are burned to power them. When wildfires occur, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. However, if a forest of similar size grows again, about the same amount of carbon that was added to the atmosphere during the fire will be removed. Some effects that scientists have predicted in the past would result when global change was occurring: loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise, and more intense heat waves. Scientists have confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise for decades to come, largely due to greenhouse gase s produced by human activities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that the extent climate change effects on individual regions will vary over time and with ability of different societal and environmental systems mitigate or adapt to change (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). This has been the warmest decade since 1880. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010 and 2005 has been the warmest years on record. The earth could warm by an additional 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit during the 21st century if we fail to reduce emissions from burning fossil fuels (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). The rising of temperature will have great effects on the earths climate patterns and on all living things. Industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide from 280 parts per million to 379 parts per million in the last 150 years (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climat e Change). In conclusion, we need to take part and try to stop global warming and other effects on climate change. If the earths temperatures continue to rise in the future, living things on earth would become extinct due to the high temperatures. If humans contribute to control global warming, this world would be cooler and the high temperatures we currently have would decrease. If everybody as one take stand and try to end most of the climate changes that are occurring, this world would be a safer place to live on.

Schizophrenia: A Matter of Perception? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Schizophrenia: A Matter of Perception? The brain fills the pieces of information transmitted from the sensory environment that are not there or missing. For example, the blind spot in our eyes have no sensory light receptors, hence images focused on that spot are not transmitted to the brain. In fact, a hole should exist in our visual perception from the images projected onto our blind spot. This does not happen as our brain fills in the spaces with ongoing patterns that fit the image of our vision. Also, what we see and what is interpreted from what is seen spreads across a broad spectra from one individual to another. This indicates that there is no real format by which to generalize different individual's perceptions. Every input from the sensory environment is formatted and placed into context by our brain. Our brain organizes each situation into a format that makes sense to our schemata. So what happens when one's train of thought is fragmented and one's brain is unable to organize these fragments into a comprehensib le pattern? Imagine if at times, your experiences become a slide show, fragments of experiences that do not come together. This is, in fact, how many people suffering from schizophrenia describe their experiences (1). Have you ever had an experience or a vision that just does not make sense? Maybe you might not understand the cause and the outcome of a certain experience or situation, but every memory is placed into context. Our brain makes sure of this. So, when seemingly unrelated fragments of information are sent to the brain, it attempts to combine these fragments together into a most logical manner. Is it possible that the reason that schizophrenics have an impaired sense of reality is because their brains logic is askew? Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychopathologies present today. Its causes are still vague, and the symptoms vary across a large spectrum. However, two generalized grouped of symptoms have been identified for schizophrenics: positive symptoms, and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms include lack of activity, anhedonia, and loss of interest. Positive symptoms include disorganized speech, hallucinations, and delusions experiences (1). Individuals with schizophrenia commonly experience a disorder in their perception. Their surroundings are unreal and their external sensory environment seems different from what they previously knew. In fact, their perceptions become derailed; misinterpreting situations and the chronology of events. They are unable to distinguish between reality and imaginary.

Advert analysis.

What Is that one, particular strategy that a marketer will employ to drive a consumer to buy a product? The answer to that Is advertising. In today's consumer driven world, advertising is the main force behind a company's success. The more convincing, appealing and effective the advert, the bigger the market for the product. They employ appeals including logos, ethos and pathos to convey their message to the audience. The most effective adverts, it seems, are the ones aimed at beauty or simply put, â€Å"looking good†. The Avenue Active Natural advert, in a recent issue of theNatural Health Magazine, is one such advert that uses all such appeals and leaves The Avenue Active Natural advert immediately quite an impact on women. Captures ones attention while randomly flipping through the magazine pages. The advert Is about a dally moisturizing lotion that uses a special Oat Formula. It uses warm, natural colors, basically different shades of green, which sort of has a soothing an d relaxing effect on the audience. It features a glowing Jennifer Animations posing with an ever radiant smile; this mage takes up the entire left side of the page.The background shows a place with a lot of greenery. On the bottom of the ad one can see the campaign slogan â€Å"see the beautiful difference healthier skin can make†, in large white font; simple yet thought provoking. To the right side is more text explaining why oat is important for dry skin and how it is recommended by dermatologists, with a â€Å"before and after test† to provide some sort of evidence of how effective it is. The product itself, the lotion pump, is shown further towards the bottom of the page. On the top right corner is the brand name, â€Å"Avenue, active naturals† In white font.Since this ad Is featured in a women's health magazine, It ill capture the attention of health conscious women. It will target women who are looking for a good and effective moisturizer. Those who have s kin problems, specifically dry skin, might find this ad particularly useful since It claims that the moisturizer uses oats which are recommended for dry skin. Health conscious women mostly look for organic products with the least amount of chemical because they are so conscious about their skin. Every woman wants to look as close to perfect as possible.They are always on the move to find anything that will make them look good, s good as the models they see in magazines and in ads such as this one. Advertisers know that women will never be happy with how they look. Ads like these play on such insecurities and they always seem to succeed! The ad effectively makes use of logos to educate women as to why it would be a rational decision to buy this product. â€Å"Healthy, beautiful skin begins with oat†. That right there makes the audience want to read on. The more she reads, she learns that the moisturizer uses an exclusive oat formula.She's Impressed. What comes next really make s her eager to try this product. The ad says how oat Is recommended by dermatologists â€Å"to Improve the health of dry skin†. Did somebody say â€Å"dermatologists†? With the support of fact true that oat is one of natures' best kept beauty secrets. If women had any doubt about that, well this information Just proves them otherwise. Furthermore, the ad shows a skin test to prove how using the product will improve skin in one day and show significant changes within Just two weeks.Through this information and mostly professional opinion on the matter, the advertiser sets out to show that they care about the audience enough to provide them with such information. Pathos is used almost everywhere in this advert. Firstly, the text plays a very important role. Phrases such as â€Å"see the beautiful difference healthier skin can make† play on the audience's emotions in the sense that it makes them curious as to what exactly â€Å"beautiful difference† means. F urthermore, it mentions how beautiful skin begins with oat. This again appeals to the audience.It makes them confident and believe that there is something out there that will give them better, more beautiful skin. Words like â€Å"exclusive oat formula† make the product seem unique. The advert levelly makes use of a beaming Jennifer Animations who is renowned for her natural beauty. It is trying to convince the audience that they too can look as beautiful and radiant as Jennifer Animations, if they use the product. Moreover, the warm, natural colors, as well as the greenery in the background and the clear blue sky, have a soothing effect on the audience.They are relaxing to the eyes and give an overall â€Å"natural† feel and that is exactly how the advert wants the audience to feel when thinking about the product since it uses a natural formula. Lastly, the advert employs ethos to build up trust among the audience. If someone as famous as Jennifer Animations has chose n to campaign for the product, then it is probably something worthy of using. It is probably effective because it is making her and has always made her look that good.This exact notion goes through the audience's mind when looking at the advert. Now whenever they talk or think about the product, they will probably say something like, â€Å"Oh! It is the same brand Jennifer Animations uses. † Furthermore, the advert shows the reliability of the product with the statement, â€Å"it's the ingredients most recommended by dermatologists†. It also uses phrases like proven to seal in moisture for healthier skin†, emphasis on â€Å"proven†, to further strengthen the trust element among the audience.It is safe to say that this advert was a successful one. Surely, it made a lot of women get off their sofas and drive to the mall to look for Avenue, Active Naturals moisturizing lotion. If not that, it must have at least triggered some sort of response out of the women . The reason for that is that the ad successfully appeals to and prompts the audiences' emotions and their sense of trust and reason. Such a technique is of the best sort when it comes to beauty products like this one.